戦場で合州国陸軍の守るべき規則
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field
（Lieber Code）, 24 april 1863.


第35条　芸術品、図書館、学術コレクションや、天体望遠鏡などの貴重な装置は、病院と同様に、たとえ敵国に包囲砲撃されていても、あらゆる毀損から保護されなければならない。

Art. 35.　Classical works of art, libraries, scientific collections, or precious instruments, such as astronomical telescopes, as well as hospitals, must be secured against all avoidable injury, even when they are contained in fortified places whilst besieged or bombarded.


第36条　敵国に属するそのような芸術品、図書館、コレクション、装置が、毀損なく移動可能であれば、戦勝国司令官は同国のためにそれらを接収し、移動を命ずることができる。最終所有権は、講和条約によって解決される。
合州国陸軍の捕獲によるものであれば、売却や分配は禁じられ、私的盗用や故意の破壊、毀損をしてはいけない。

Art. 36.　If such works of art, libraries, collections, or instruments belonging to a hostile nation or government, can be removed without injury, the ruler of the conquering state or nation may order them to be seized and removed for the benefit of the said nation. The ultimate ownership is to be settled by the ensuing treaty of peace.
In no case shall they be sold or given away, if captured by the armies of the United States, nor shall they ever be privately appropriated, or wantonly destroyed or injured.


第118条　包囲する交戦国は、できる限り破壊を避けるため、美術品収蔵建物、科学博物館、天文台、稀覯本図書館の指定を、被包囲国に要請する。

Art. 118.　The besieging belligerent has sometimes requested the besieged to designate the buildings containing collections of works of art, scientific museums, astronomical observatories, or precious libraries, so that their destruction may be avoided as much as possible.

the Avalon Project：Instructions For the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field