letter from anonymous

E-mail from Anonymous Nov.25

DAR ES SALAAM, Tanzania (Reuter) Nov.23
Burundi's Tutsi-dominated army and rebel Hutu forces are battling along the Tanzanian border, with heavy artillery being used in the conflict, Tanzanian state radio said Thursday.
Fighting has been going on for the past five days, the radio quoted residents in border villages as saying, and heavy shelling could be heard last night.
There was no immediate comment from the governments of Burundi and Tanzania, but aid workers said the clashes were most probably between Burundi army forces and Hutu rebels who infiltrate southern Burundi from Tanzania.
Tanzania is home to thousands of Burundian Hutus and 700,000 Rwandan Hutus. The Burundians continue to flee ethnic civil conflict in a country where government forces are engaged in daily brutal hit-and-run battles with Hutus.
The Burundi government says Hutu rebels have recently stepped up cross-border attacks staged from refugee camps in neighboring Tanzania and Zaire.
The Rwandans fled last year between April and July during a civil war sparked by genocidal killings of Tutsis and moderate Hutus by the former Hutu army and pro-government militia. Aid workers and the U.N. estimate that up to a million people were slaughtered.
Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter is organizing a regional peace summit on Burundi and Rwanda -- nations with the same ethnic composition -- in Cairo next week.
Copyright (c) Reuters America Inc.

E-mail from Anonymous Nov.23

DAR ES SALAAM, Nov.22(Reuter) By Matt Bigg
Tanzania's fragmented opposition suffered a bitter defeat Wednesday when ruling party candidate Benjamin Mkapa took the presidency with 61.8 percent of the vote.
Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM-Party for the Revolution) also won a landslide victory in a new multi-party pluralist parliament, taking 186 seats against 46 for the four main opposition parties, the National Electoral Commission (NEC) announced.
At a colorful ceremony attended by outgoing President Ali Hassan Mwinyi and diplomats but boycotted by the opposition, the commission declared as president Mkapa, a former journalist and science and higher education minister in the last government.
''Benjamin William Mkapa has won the election for the presidency of Tanzania,'' NEC Chairman Judge Lewis Makame said.
State radio quoted main opposition leader and anti-graft campaigner, Augustine Mrema, as conceding defeat. Mrema, leader of the opposition NCCR-Mageuzi party, blamed Tanzania's founding father and ex-president Julius Nyerere for the loss.
Mrema said the opposition lost because of campaigns across Tanzania by Nyerere, who retired from active politics in 1985 but still commands great respect in Tanzania and is widely seen as CCM king maker.
''Without Nyerere I would have defeated the CCM party in the elections,'' Mrema said. ''The whole exercise had been a big success for the NCCR-Mageuzi, which had recently started to gain strength.''
Final results showed Mkapa, a former foreign minister and ambassador, beating Mrema who took 27.8 percent of votes cast.
Two other presidential contenders, Ibrahim Lipumba of the Civic United Front (CUF) won 6.4 percent and John Cheyo leader of the United Democratic Party (UDP) took 4.0 percent.
Makame said CCM took four million votes while Mrema's NCCR scored 1.8 million, CUF took 410,000 and the UDP 250,000 votes.
Mkapa, 57, will be sworn in Thursday at a rally attended by Presidents Daniel arap Moi of Kenya and Yoweri Museveni of Uganda.
Mkapa succeeds Mwinyi who is stepping down after 10 years at the helm of a one-party political system that has ruled Tanzania since independence in 1961. Mwinyi could not run for president as the constitution only allows two five-year terms.
Mwinyi, a free-market oriented Muslim, will be best remembered for throwing out Nyerere's dogmatic socialist policies which nearly brought Tanzania's economy to a standstill.
His Western-backed economic reforms put essential goods on once empty shelves.
But critics say the diminutive former primary school teacher also presided over Tanzania's most corrupt post-independence government -- a charge supported by Western donors who cut off lifeblood government to government aid last year in protest.
Poor organization despite weeks of preparation prevented many people from voting on Oct. 29 in Tanzania's first multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections.
The polls were chaotic, especially in the capital, and the NEC scrapped the entire vote in Dar Es Salaam and reran it last Sunday. At least 6.8 million Tanzanians voted in the elections.
The three opposition presidential candidates boycotted the rerun, saying they could not trust the NEC after denouncing Oct. 22 elections on the islands of Zanzibar as rigged by CCM.
Copyright (c) Reuters America Inc.

V.O.A.21-Nov-95 10:49 AM EST (1549 UTC)
INTRO: IN TANZANIA, 57-YEAR-OLD BENJAMIN MKAPA OF THE RULING CHAMA CHA MAPINDUZI PARTY HAS WON THE COUNTRY'S FIRST-EVER MULTI-PARTY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND HIS C-C-M PARTY HAS CAPTURED CONTROL OF A CLEAR MAJORITY OF SEATS IN THE NEW PARLIAMENT. V-O-A EAST AFRICA CORRESPONDENT ALEX BELIDA REPORTS ON THE REACTION OF LEADING DONOR COUNTRIES TO THE VOTING RESULTS.
TEXT: LEADING DONORS, INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES, SAY CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN TANZANIA WERE LESS THAN SATISFACTORY. BUT OVERALL, THEY BELIEVE THE ELECTION OUTCOME FAIRLY REFLECTS THE PREFERENCES OF A MAJORITY OF THE COUNTRY'S VOTERS. AT THE SAME TIME, HOWEVER, THE DONORS SAY THEY NOW BELIEVE THE RESULTS OF THE EARLIER ELECTION HELD TO CHOOSE A NEW PRESIDENT FOR THE SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ISLANDS OF ZANZIBAR MAY HAVE BEEN INACCURATE. C-C-M CANDIDATE SALMIN AMOUR SCORED A NARROW VICTORY OVER HIS OPPOSITION RIVAL. BUT DONORS SAY INTERNATIONAL MONITORS UNCOVERED SERIOUS DISCREPANCIES IN THE COMPILATION OF THE VOTES THAT, IF CORRECTED, COULD HAVE AFFECTED THE OUTCOME. THEY SAY THEY ARE DISAPPOINTED AUTHORITIES WENT AHEAD WITH MR. AMOUR'S INAUGURATION. THE NEW NATIONAL PRESIDENT, MR. MKAPA, UNTIL NOW THE COUNTRY'S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MINISTER, IS MEANWHILE SCHEDULED TO BE INAUGURATED ON THURSDAY AS LEADER OF THE REPUBLIC LINKING ZANZIBAR AND MAINLAND TANZANIA. (SIGNED) NEB/BEL/MH/CF NNNN Source: Voice of America

V.O.A.21-Nov-95 8:47 AM EST (1347 UTC)
// EDITORS: TRANSCRIPT OF AN INTERVIEW WITH BENJAMIN MKAPA'S CAMPAGIN MANAGER BY ALEX BELIDA //
INTRO: IN TANZANIA, 57-YEAR-OLD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MINISTER BENJAMIN MKAPA, THE CANDIDATE OF THE RULING C-C-M OR CHAMA CHA MAPINDUZI PARTY, APPEARS TO BE THE CLEAR WINNER OF THE COUNTRY'S JUST-CONCLUDED FIRST-EVER MULTI-PARTY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. V-O-A EAST AFRICA CORRESPONDENT ALEX BELIDA WAS RECENTLY IN DAR ES SALAAM, WHERE HE INTERVIEWED MR. MKAPA'S CAMPAIGN MANAGER, FERDINAND RUHINDA, ABOUT THE NEW TANZANIAN LEADER'S IMAGE, HIS REPORTED CLOSE TIES WITH THE MAN REGARDED AS THE FATHER OF MODERN TANZANIA, JULIUS NYERERE, AND MR. MKAPA'S LONG-RANGE GOALS. MR. RUHINDA FIRST ADDRESSED THE QUESTION OF MR. MKAPA'S IMAGE. TEXT: (RUHINDA) MR. MKAPA IS NOT YOUR CONVENTIONAL POLITICIAN, I WOULD HAVE TO SAY. HIS WHOLE BACKGROUND HAS BEEN ONE OF SERVICE RATHER THAN PORTRAYING HIMSELF AS THE MAN OF THE PEOPLE. IN OTHER WORDS, HE RESPONDED TO A CALL TO DUTY RATHER THAN PROJECTING HIS OWN PERSONALITY. HE IS NOT YOUR CONVENTIONAL POLITICIAN WHO BRAGS ABOUT HIS QUALITIES. HE LETS OTHER PEOPLE SPEAK ABOUT HIM. (BELIDA) I UNDERSTAND HE IS ALSO VERY CLOSE TO MWALIMU (FORMER PRESIDENT JULIUS) NYERERE. COULD YOU DISCUSS THAT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO MEN AND WHETHER YOU THINK THAT AS PRESIDENT MR. MKAPA WOULD BE HIS OWN MAN? (RUHINDA) MR. MKAPA IS CERTAINLY GOING TO BE HIS OWN MAN. IT IS TRUE HE IS VERY CLOSE TO MWALIMU NYERERE IN HIS THINKING AND IN HIS CORRECTNESS AND HIS INCORRUPTIBLE BEHAVIOR. BUT HE IS GOING TO BE HIS OWN MAN. TO BEGIN WITH, MR. MKAPA DECIDED TO ENTER THIS RACE. HE WAS NOT ASKED BY MR. MWALIMU NYERERE AND TO BE QUITE CANDID WITH YOU, I THINK NYERERE DID NOT HAVE MKAPA IN MIND WHEN HE STARTED THIS CAMPAIGN TO GET (INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF) THE C-C-M (RULING PARTY) CANDIDATE. I THINK THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO IS GREATLY EXAGGERATED. MR. MKAPA HAS DIFFERED WITH MR. NYERERE ON A NUMBER OF ISSUES. HE DISAGREES FOR INSTANCE WITH MWALIMU'S OPPOSITION ON PRIVATIZATION (OF STATE INDUSTRIES). HE IS SOMEWHAT IN CONFLICT WITH BEN MKAPA'S SUPPORT FOR PRIVATIZATION. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF OTHER ISSUES ON WHICH I DON'T THINK THEY AGREE. BUT IT IS TRUE THEY ARE VERY CLOSE, THEY DISCUSS THESE ISSUES AND THEY DISCUSS THEIR DIFFERENCES. IT'S NOT THAT MWALIMU NYERERE IS GOING TO RUN THE SHOW. (BELIDA) DOES BEN MKAPA HAVE A VISION OF A FUTURE FOR TANZANIA AND WHAT IS IT? (RUHINDA) HIS VISION OF TANZANIA IS TO TAKE THIS COUNTRY TO THE 21ST CENTURY, TO HAVE A COUNTRY IN WHICH SYSTEMS WORK, IN WHICH THERE IS LESS OR LITTLE CORRUPTION, IF AT ALL, AND TO HAVE A MODERN COUNTRY. MODERNIZATION WILL BE THE EMPHASIS. (BELIDA) TANZANIA HAS HAD TROUBLE ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT LIKE SO MANY AFRICAN COUNTRIES. IS HE OPTIMISTIC HE WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE THAT WAY? (RUHINDA) I BELIEVE THAT IF YOU HAVE GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PLACE, IF YOU START DEALING WITH THE ISSUES OF COMMUNICATIONS, IF YOU PROVIDE HOTELS LIKE THIS (REFERENCE TO NEW SHERATON WHERE INTERVIEW TOOK PLACE), INVESTORS WILL COME. INVESTORS ARE ALL INTERESTED IN MAKING A PROFIT. THEY WILL ONLY TAKE THEIR MONEY WHERE THEY CAN MAKE A PROFIT. THAT IS HIS CHALLENGE. (SIGNED) NEB/BEL/MH/CF NNNN Source: Voice of America

V.O.A.17-Nov-95 1:39 PM EST (1839 UTC)
INTRO: TANZANIA'S VOTERS ARE GETTING READY TO GO THE POLLS AGAIN SUNDAY. THIS TIME THEY WILL BE DETERMINING THE FINAL RESULTS OF LAST MONTH'S INITIAL ROUND OF PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. OCTOBER'S VOTE WAS ANNULLED IN THE DAR ES SALAAM REGION AFTER A NUMBER OF IRREGULARITIES -- INCLUDING THE FAILURE OF MANY VOTING STATIONS TO OPEN. SOME TANZANIANS POINT OUT THAT RESULTS FROM OTHER REGIONS GAVE AN OVERWHELMING LEAD TO THE RULING PARTY. THEY WONDER WHETHER SUNDAY'S BALLOT REALLY MATTERS. WILLIAM EAGLE SPOKE TO ONE PROMINENT OPPOSITION LEADER WHO SAYS IT DOES. TEXT: The Oppotition's chance looked bright before the October polls. Thehead of the main oppotition party -- The national convention for construction and reform [NCCR-MAGEUZI] -- boasted a popular anti-corruption crusader: Augustine Mrema. is oppornent: Pro-maket incumbent Ben Mkapa, OF THE LONG-RULING CHAMA CHA MAPINDUZI [CCM] PARTY. BUT OPPOSITION OPTIMISM WAS SHORT-LIVED. CONTROVERSIAL ELECTIONS LAST MONTH GAVE GOVERNMENT CHALLENGERS ONLY 45 SEATS TO THE RULING PARTY'S 180. THIS WEEKEND'S REPEAT ELECTION IN DAR ES SALAAM IS NOT EXPECTED TO CHANGE THE OUTCOME SIGNIFICANTLY. BUT ABDULRAHMAN BABU -- A FORMER FOREIGN MINISTER OF ZANZIBAR AND TANZANIAN MINISTER OF ECONOMIC PLANNING -- REMAINS OPTIMISTIC. HE WAS A VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE FOR THE OPPOSITION NCCR-MAGEUZI PARTY IN THIS ELECTION -- UNTIL CONTROVERSY OVER A FORMER TREASON CONVICTION PERSUADED HIM TO WITHDRAW FROM THE RACE. MR. BABU AGREES WITH SOME WHO WANT TO PROTEST ELECTION IRREGULARITIES WITH A PARTIAL BOYCOTT OF THIS WEEKEND'S ELECTIONS. // BABU ACT // I DO NOT SUPPORT THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES STANDING FOR ELECTION, BUT I SUPPORT PARLIAMENTARY CANDIDATES DOING SO. IF THERE IS GOOD SUPERVISION, THE RIGGING COULD NOT TAKE PLACE. // END ACT // PLUS, HE SAYS THE OPPOSITION IS A DOMINANT FORCE IN THE DAR ES SALAAM -- AND THAT WOULD CERTAINLY HELP TO BEEF UP THE OPPOSITION'S NUMBERS IN THE NEW PARLIAMENT. THAT SAME OPPORTUNITY FOR THE OPPOSITION DOES NOT EXIST IN THE PRESIDENTIAL RACE: // BABU ACT // FIRST OF ALL, THERE'S NO POINT BECAUSE THE C-C-M PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE HAS WON OVERWHELMINGLY, AND IF OUR OPPOSITION PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES STAND, IT MEANS WE ARE CONDONING THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE. BUT IF PARLIAMENTARIANS STAND, IT DOES NOT MEAN WE CONDONE IT -- IT MEANS WE CAN STILL GO RAISE HELL IN PARLIAMENT [AGAINST THE RULING PARTY]. // END ACT // MR. BABU SAYS DESPITE CHARGES OF RIGGING -- HE'S STILL OPTIMISTIC ABOUT MULTI-PARTY POLITICS. HE SAYS MILLIONS OF TANZANIANS VOTED FOR THE OPPOSITION PARTIES. THE CHALLENGE NOW IS FOR THE OPPOSITION TO UNITE, RATHER THAN TO COMPETE AGAINST EACH OTHER -- AND TO MAKE HEADWAY IN LOCAL ELECTIONS SCHEDULED FOR NEXT YEAR. HE SAYS OPPOSITION UNITY MAY NOT BE THE VIEW OF SOME LEADERS -- BUT HE SAYS IT IS AMONG THE RANK AND FILE. // OPT // MR. BABU ALSO SAYS IF MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IS TO SUCCEED IN AFRICA, IT MUST BE SUPPORTED BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES -- AND NOT BE GRANTED BY POLITICIANS AT THE TOP. THAT MEANS FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND PARTY STRUCTURES THEMSELVES MUST BE BUILT FROM THE GROUND UP -- WITH ROOTS IN COMMUNITIES AND REGIONS. HE NOTES THAT IN OTHER COUNTRIES -- LIKE MALAWI OR ZAMBIA -- THE OPPOSITION WAS FUELED BY LOCAL TRADE UNION OR CHURCH GROUPS. IN TANZANIA, HE SAYS, IT IS LIKELY TO COME FROM RURAL PEOPLE. // OPT // BABU ACT // MY EXPERIENCE OVER THE LAST FEW WEEKS OF CAMPAIGNING, WE WERE SELLING MEMBERSHIP CARDS TO ORDINARY FOLKS, PEOPLE AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL. THEY WERE BUYING THEM LIKE HOT CAKES FOR 200 SHILLINGS PER CARD. WE SOLD ABOUT ONE MILLION IN THE COURSE OF SIX WEEKS. THIS BROUGHT IN ABOUT 200 MILLION SHILLINGS, OR OVER 30 THOUSAND DOLLARS. SO, I THINK THAT'S A GOOD SOURCE OF INCOME. // OPT /// AND, WE HAD A LOT OF SUPPORT FROM YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS WHO FEEL THE SYSTEM OF CORRUPTION IS HAMPERING THEM IN THEIR BUSINESSES. WE GOT A LOT OF FUNDING FROM THEM AS WELL, BUT NOT FROM LABOR UNIONS UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE RULING PARTY. // END OPT // // END ACT // ELECTIONS HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN IVORY COAST, ALGERIA AND TANZANIA. IN THESE ELECTIONS -- LIKE MANY OTHERS IN AFRICA -- THE RULING PARTY HAS REMAINED IN POWER. BUT MR. BABU SAYS THE FUTURE OF MULTI-PARTY POLITICS IS NOT NECESSARILY IN DOUBT. // OPT // HE SAYS THE UGANDAN SYSTEM OF ALLOWING INDIVIDUALS -- NOT PARTIES -- TO RUN FOR PARLIAMENT MAY BE A TEMPORARY ANSWER. HE SAYS THIS WOULD AVOID TRIBAL ANTAGONISMS. ALSO, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO KEEP THE OLD GUARD: // OPT: BABU ACT // IN MOST OF THESE ONE PARTY SYSTEMS, THE LEADERS HAVE DEVELOPED A VESTED INTEREST IN THE STATUS QUO. THEY'RE RELUCTANT TO GIVE UP AND BE EXPOSED FOR THEIR PAST -- AS YOU CAN SEE IN MALAWI AND ZAMBIA. IN MALAWI, [FORMER PRESIDENT ] BANDA IS NOW CHARGED FOR MURDER AND A LOT OF [FORMER AFRICAN LEADERS] ARE SCARED THEY COULD BE EXPOSED BY ALTERNATIVE POWERS IN POWER. THEY ARE DELIBERATELY TRYING TO BE SURE MULTI-PARTY POLITICS DO NOT SUCCEED IN AFRICA, WHICH I THINK IS ABSOLUTELY WRONG. // END ACT // END OPT // THE VETERAN POLITICAN SAYS AFRICA'S OLD GUARD CAN BE TOPPLED WITH IMPROVED ORGANIZATION, HONESTY, AND AND ABOVE ALL -- PERSEVERENCE. (SIGNED) NEB/WE/MMK NNNN Source: Voice of America . .

The letter from whom knows Zanzibar condition well.29.Oct.'95
E-mail from Tanzanian overseas.30.Oct.'95
E-mail from Tanzanian overseas 15.Nov.'95
E-mail from Anonymous Oct.31-Nov.3
E-mail from Tanzanian overseas 19.Nov.'95
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